Industrial Laminate Specifications
Glass-Based Phenolics
NEMA G-3, G-5, G-7, G-9, G-10, G-11 Grades
( see also
Paper, Canvas & Linen-Based Phenolics Specifications )
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Phenolic Laminates are made by applying heat and pressure to layers
of paper, canvas, linen or glass cloth impregnated with synthetic
thermosetting resins. When heat and pressure are applied to the layers, a
chemical reaction (polymerization) transforms the separate layers into a
single laminated material with a "set" shape that cannot be softened again
-- therefore, these materials are called "Thermosets". A variety of resin
types and cloth materials can be used to manufacture thermoset laminates
with a range of mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.
GENERAL PROPERTIES
Physical strength, resiliency, ease and versatility of fabrication,
and excellent electrical properties make Phenolic Laminates useful as
support components in a wide range of mechanical and electrical
applications. Phenolic Laminates are strong, stiff, and have high impact and
compressive strengths. And, they do not soften upon re-heating, so they are
easy to saw, drill, tap, and machine with ordinary tools. "FR" grades are
flame retardant.
Glass-based grades have the highest dimensional stability and mechanical
strength, as well as low moisture absorption. However, they are not as
easily machined as paper or cotton fabric laminates.
GLASS-BASED PHENOLIC GRADES
 G-3 (Glass Cloth / Phenolic Resin)This material is made from woven glass cloth and high-temperature phenolic
resin. It has excellent flexural, compressive and impact strengths and is
capable of continuous operation over 350°F (175°C). NOTE: G-3 is not a
common material ... call for more information about availability.
 G-5 and G-9 (Glass Cloth / Melamine Resin)
These materials are very hard, flame resistant, and have excellent
electrical properties. G-5 and G-9 have high arc and heat resistance. G-9 is
recommended for humid environments. They are used for switch board panels,
arc barriers, circuit breaker parts, and structural electrical parts
Melamine phenolics are available in sheet, rod, and tube forms.
 G-7 (Glass Cloth / Silicon Resin)
This glass-silicon laminate has good electrical properties under humid
conditions, excellent heat and arc resistance, and is self-extinguishing.
G-7 is used for electrical grade insulation, and for heating & appliance
insulation.
 G-10 and G-11 (Glass Cloth / Epoxy Resin)
These glass-epoxy laminates are specified for their extremely high strength
and high dimensional stability over temperature. G-10 and G-11 are used for
terminal boards, high humidity applications, electrical and electronic test
equipment and electric rotor insulation. G-10 and G-11 are difficult to cut
or machine and may require special equipment. G-10 is slightly stronger
while G-11 is a better insulator and can take higher temperatures. FR-4 is a
fire-retardant G-10 glass-epoxy laminate that is used primarily in the
printed circuit board industry.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES of GLASS LAMINATES (SHEET FORM)
( mechanical properties of rod and tube forms may differ
)
|
| ASTM or UL test |
Property |
G-3 |
G-5/G-9 |
G-7 |
G-10 |
G-11 |
| PHYSICAL |
| D792 |
Density (lb/in³)
(g/cm³) |
0.065
1.80 |
0.067
1.85 |
0.065
1.80 |
0.065
1.80 |
0.065
1.80 |
| D570 |
Water Absorption, 24 hrs (%) |
2.65 |
0.60 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.20 |
| MECHANICAL |
| D638 |
Tensile Strength (psi)
-lengthwise
-crosswise |
42,000
34,000 |
61,600
51,100 |
20,000
- |
45,000
38,000 |
43,000
37,000 |
| D790 |
Flexural Strength (psi)
-lengthwise
-crosswise |
40,500
34,000 |
61,600
51,100 |
30,000
- |
75,000
65,000 |
80,000
70,000 |
| D790 |
Flexural Modulus (Kpsi)
-lengthwise
-crosswise |
1,800
1,400 |
2,000
1,700 |
1,600
- |
2,700
2,400 |
3,000
2,700 |
| D256 |
IZOD Notched Impact (ft-lb/in)
-lengthwise
-crosswise |
12.0
11.0 |
12.5
8.5 |
13.0
- |
14.0
12.0 |
12.0
9.0 |
| D695 |
Compressive Strength (psi) |
55,000 |
65,000 |
50,000 |
65,000 |
63,000 |
| D785 |
Hardness, Rockwell M |
M110 |
M115 |
M105 |
M110 |
M112 |
| THERMAL |
| D696 |
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion
(x 10 -5 in./in./°F)
-lengthwise
-crosswise |
0.83
1.00 |
0.83
1.00 |
0.72
0.90 |
0.55
0.66 |
0.72
0.83 |
| - |
Max Operating Temp (°F / °C) |
340 / 170 |
285 / 140 |
430 / 220 |
284 / 140 |
329 / 165 |
| C177 |
Thermal Conductivity
(BTU-in/ft²-hr-°F)
(x 10 -4 cal/cm-sec-°C) |
2.0
7.0
|
2.0
7.0
|
2.0
7.0
|
2.0
7.0
|
2.0
7.0
|
| UL94 |
Flammability Rating |
H-B |
V-0 |
H-B |
H-B |
H-B |
| ELECTRICAL |
| D149 |
Dielectric Strength (V/mil) short time, 1/8" thick |
460 |
300 |
350 |
800 |
900 |
| D150 |
Dielectric Constant at 1 MHz |
7.3 |
6.3 |
4.5 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
| D150 |
Dissipation Factor at 1 MHz |
0.023 |
0.019 |
0.018 |
0.019 |
0.020 |
| D495 |
Arc Resistance (sec) |
180 |
180 |
240 |
100 |
120 |
NOTE: The information contained herein are typical values intended
for reference and comparison purposes only. They should NOT be used as a
basis for design specifications or quality control. Contact us for
manufacturers' complete material property datasheets.
All values at 73°F (23°C) unless otherwise noted.
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